Prof. Universitaria Zenaida Rojas. Cátedra: Ingles.

ADJECTIVES (COMPARATIVE DEGREE)

We form the comparative degree of ONE-SYLLABLE adjectives by adding ER.

cold.............colder

bright...........brighter

We usually form the comparative degree of adjectives with more than TWO SILLABLES by using MORE

difficult........morre difficult

beautiful......more beautiful

Good and Bad have special comparative forms

good.....better

bad........worse

The comparative form of all adjectives is followed by than

She is taller than her sister

This exercise is more difficult than that one

This book is better than that one

Exercises:

Complete These sentences by supplying the comparative form of adjectives in parenthesis.  Also include the word than.

1..He is ________________(young)_____________I am.

2.Mr.Smith is much_____________(old)_____________I expected.

3.Chicago is______________(big)______________Paris.

4.This book is______________(good)____________the last one we used.

5. The weather this winter is_____________(bad)_________than the weather

last winter.

We form the comparative degree of ONE SYLLABLE adverbs by adding ER

Soon..........sooner

Fast..........faster

We usually express the comparative degree of adverbs with TWO OR MORE SYLLABLES by using MORE

Quickly..........more quickly

Carefully..........more carefully

Well and badly have special comparative forms

Well...........better

Badly.........worse

The comparative form of all adverbs is followed by than.

She works faster than I do.

He drives more carefully than she does.

John feels better than he did yesterday.

Complete these sentences by supplying the comparative form of the adverb.

1. She speaks__________________(rapid)________________I.

2. He prepared his homework_________________than most students.

3. I get up every morning much______________(early)_________you.

4. They go to the movies___________________(frequent)_________you expected.

5. Our troops fought__________________(brave)_____________anyone expected.

El verbo TO BE es uno de los verbos más importantes del idioma Ingles, si acaso no el más importante, que interviene en numerosas estructuras verbales, muchas de las cuales difieren de las que utilizamos en castellano para expresar una idea.

Básicamente el verbo TO BE significa SER o ESTAR de acuerdo al contexto donde se emplee. Sus formas para el Simple Present se reducen a tres que son  AM, ARE y IS , y para el Simple Past, a dos: WAS y WERE, usandose con los pronombres de la conjugación de la siguiente forma:

                                   You                                             He

 I  AM / WAS               We     ARE / WERE                  She        IS / WAS

                                    They                                          It

Para efecto de construir oraciones interrogativas, sencillamente se coloca el verbo TO BE en primer término seguido por el sujeto de la oración y el resto de esta.

Am I a scientist?                                        Is It a good project?

Was I a scientist?                                      Was It a good project?

Is he in his office?                                     Is she hungry? 

Was he in his office?                                Was she hungry?

Are they psychologists?                           Are we twenty years old?

Were they psychologists?                        Were we twenty years old?

Las oraciones afirmativas se construyen de forma opuesta, colocando el sujeto de la oracíon seguido a continuación del verbo TO BE y el resto de la oración. Para formar la oración negativa, sencillamente agregamos el adverbio NOT despues del verbo en presente o pasado.

I am not a scientist                  /        I was not a scientist

It is not a good project             /       It was not a good project

He is not in his office              /        He was not in his office

She is not hungry                    /        She was not hungry

They are not psychologists        /        They were not psychologists

We are not twenty years old      /       We were not twenty years old

Los sufijos son partículas que se añaden a una raiz o base para formar una nueva palabra. A diferencia de los prefijos, los sufijos no se separan fácilmente de la palabra y no tienen existencia independiente, por lo que carecen de valor semantico en su forma aislada.

Los sufijos son de dos tipos: los llamados inflexionables, los cuales no alteran básicamente el significado de la palabra ( por ejemplo, las partículas -s, -ed, -ing ) y los denominados derivacionales, los que al ser añadidos a una palabra cambian el significado de ésta e incluso, su función ( -full, -ness, -ity, -ship ).

a). Extraiga de las siguientes oraciones los sufijos, separandolos de la palabra raíz y coloqueles el significado correspondiente en castellano.

1.  The decomposition of dead animals results in the formation of fertilizer.
2. There is a minimun amount of shrinkage in this material.
3. Alcohol is a good disinfectant.
4. An attachment for starting an engine is called a starter
5. What is the difference between these two generalizations?
6. The assemblage of the machines bought to increase coal production was a hard job.
7. The reliability of the results of this experiment are doubtful.
8. The convenience of using an expensive lubricant in a motor engine, instead of a cheap one, is shown in the long run by the engine's durability.
9. The equipment used in rocketry is very expensive.
10. Economists require an advanced knowledge of mathematics in their work.

 b). Separe las siguientes palabras en sufijo y raiz, y coloqueles su significado en castellano.

1. Calvinism
2. atheist
3. geology
4. engineer
5. obstetrician
6. booklet
7. childhood
8. friendship
9. mouthful
10. machinery
11. stardom
12. happiness
13. adherent
14. fixation
15. coverage
16. composite
17. reading
18. refusal
19. expedition
20. transmission

Recordemos que los prefijos son partículas que se anteponen a las palabras para formar nuevas palabras con diferente significado. Esa palabra a la cual se agrega el prefijo es denominada "base" o "raíz". Los prefijos pueden provenir del mismo idioma inglés (over, under, out) , o tambien pueden hacerlo del latín, del francés y del griego. Básicamente los prefijos tienen significados muy generales y amplios, tales como: oposición, exceso, negación, falsedad, acción inversa, equivocación, etc.

a). En las siguientes oraciones, extraiga los prefijos, separelos prefijo más  base y coloque el significado en castellano.

1. The nurse disinfected the injury with alcohol
2. if you are inexperienced, you shouldn't apply for this job
3. Our society should punish dishonest politicians
4. The misinterpretation of data may lead the misapplication of experimental results
5. Psychotic people are generally overanxious
6. When you overload a machine it is said to be supercharged
7. The patient was found in a state of semicoma
8. A bipropellant is a two-component rocket propellant
9. He is taking postgraduate courses at that university
10. An antifreeze is a substance, often a mix liquid such as ethylene glycol or alcohol

b). Agregue a las siguientes raices o bases, un prefijo para formar una nueva palabra.

1. Angle
2. plane
3. lateral
4. form
5. sexual
6. complete
7. legible
8. available
9. plug
10. generate
11. human
12. structure
13. sensitive
14. production
15. continental
16. muscular
17. position
18. operate
19. communist
20. arm

2da. Actividad Electrónica (Opción B) a través de la plataforma tecnológica, correspondiente al 4to. Corte del 3er. Semestre del I Periodo del 2008.

Materia : INGLES II - Código : IDM-24122

Translate into Spanish the foIlowing reading.

Technology and the Future.

Experts are developing new products in corporations, computer labs and workshops around the world. Exotic technologies are being readied for the third millennium. Robotics is one of them. Will machines behave like human beings? Can they have consciousness? Will robots replace men? There are no answers. “Big things are strong and powerful”, you say. Are you sure?

Stars, for example, are the biggest objects in the universe, but their power comes from the interaction of atoms. The power of technology also comes from small things. Lots of information is stored in very small places. Computers are getting smaller. Scientists want to build machines as small as atoms. Where is the limit? There are no answers.

La Tecnología y el Futuro

Los expertos están desarrollando nuevos productos en corporaciones, laboratorios de computación y talleres alrededor del mundo. Tecnologías exóticas están siendo preparadas para el tercer milenio. La Robótica es una de ellas. ¿Podrían las máquinas comportarse como humanos? ¿Podrían tener conciencia? ¿Remplazaran los robots a los hombres? No hay respuestas. “Las grandes cosas son fuertes y poderosas”, dices tu. ¿Estas seguro?

Las estrellas, por ejemplo, son los objetos más grandes del universo, pero su poder proviene de la interacción de los átomos. El poder de la tecnología también proviene de pequeñas cosas. Mucha información está almacenada en sitios muy pequeños. Las computadoras cada vez son más pequeñas. Los científicos quieren construir máquinas tan pequeñas como átomos. ¿Donde está el límite? No hay respuestas.

2da. Actividad Electrónica (Opción A) a través de la plataforma tecnológica, correspondiente al 4to. Corte del 3er. Semestre del I Periodo del 2008.

Materia : INGLES II - Código : IDM-24122

Read the foIlowing conversation between two prospective house buyers. Study the use of the comparative and superlative forms carefulIy. Answer the questions at the end of the seIection. Please, give a long and complete form answer.

"THE HOUSE BUYERS"

Mr. Kelly: What do you think about the three houses? Mrs. Kelly: I like the red house the best of all. Which one do you like the best? Mr. I haven't decided that yet. But I like the blue house more than the red one. Do you think the red house is as beautiful as the blue one? Mrs. I think the red house is the most modern and the most beautiful of the three. The blue house is almost as beautiful as the red one, but not quite. Of course, the white house is the least modern of al!. Mr. That's true, but the white house is cheaper and more practical than the blue house. There is more space in the white house than in the red house. It also has more rooms than the red one. Mrs. Yes, the white house is larger than the red one, but the red one costs the least of the three. Mr. Yes, it's the cheapest of all, but the red one is too modern for me. Besides, the blue house is the most comfortable of the three. Mrs. Well, I think the modern style is more practical than any other kind. Naturally, you're right about the size. The red house is the smallest of these houses. The blue house is the biggest. The white house isn't as big as the blue house, but it isn't as small as the red house. Mr. Don't you think the red house is too small for us? Mrs. No, I think it's big enough. Don't forget there are more windows in the red house than in the white one. Mr. That's right, but the blue house has the most windows of all. In addition, the red house isn't as conventional as the blue house. Remember it's easier to sell a conventional house than a modern house. Mrs. Of course, the white house is the most conventional of all, but the price of the white house is higher than the price of the red one. The blue house is the most expensive of all. Mr. Well, let's consider the white house then. It's not as big as the blue one, and it doesn't have as large a basement as the blue one, but it is apparently the most practical. Mrs. Well, the white house isn't as modern as either of the other two houses, but maybe it's the best one for us. It's less expensive than the blue house. Of course, it has the prettiest fireplace of all, and it has the most garden space of the three. Mr. That's true. Maybe the white house is the best for us. It's smaller than the blue house, but it's bigger than the red house. It has fewer rooms than the blue house, but it has more rooms than the red one. Mrs. The kitchen in the red house is nicer than the kitchen in the blue house, but the white house has the nicest kitchen of all. Mr. We'll get the most for our money if we buy the white house. Mrs. Now I think it's the most beautiful of all. Let's buy it today!

QUESTIONS ABOUT "THE HOUSE BUYERS"
(one [01] point each one)

1 Is the white house bigger than the red house?
2 Which house is the biggest of the three?
3 Is the red house as expensive as the white house?
4 Which house is the most expensive of all?
5 Is the blue house more practical than the white house?
6 Is the red house less prac­tical than the white house?
7 Which house is the least practical of all?
8 Does the white house have more windows than the red house?
9 Which house has the most windows?
10 Is the kitchen in the blue house nicer than the kitchen in the red house?
11 Which house has the nicest kitchen of all?
12 Is the white house more modern than the blue house?
13 Which house is the most modern of all?
14 Is the red house prettier than the white house?
15 Is the blue house as pretty as the white house?
16 Which house is the prettiest?
17 Are the windows in the blue house more beautiful than the windows in the red house?
18 Which house has the most beautiful windows?
19 Does the red house have more garden space than the white one?
20 Is the blue one cheaper than the white one?

1ra. Actividad Electrónica a través de la plataforma tecnológica, correspondiente al 3er. Corte del 3er. Semestre del I Periodo del 2008.

Materia : INGLES II - Código : IDM-24122

My brother John is a good student. In fact, he is the best student in his class. Of all my brothers and sisters --and I have eight of them-- I think John is the most intelligent. I know he is more intelligent than my sister Josephine. I hate to admit it, but I know I am not as intelligent as John.

John likes to read, and he is always reading something. He likes geography best. I like geography, too, but I prefer to see things rather than read about them. I would like to travel all over the world.

Last week John was reading about the surface of the Earth. He told me that the greatest part of the surface of the Earth is covered by water. The five salt-water oceans ( the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic and Antarctic), together with the fresh water lakes and rivers, cover more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface. He also said that the seven continents, or land areas, of the Earth form only 30 percent of the Earth's surface. There is more land in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere.

Last night he was making a comparison of two countries. They were about the same size, but there were many differences between them. One was wetter than the other because it had a longer rainy season. One was more productive than the other. One had a hot climate; the other one was fairly cool. One had very few big cities; the other one had many more.The population of each country was about equal. He made a list of the contrasts between the two countries. He said he was going to use this list as a basis for a talk in class today.

Answer the following questions about the paragraph above.
Please, give a long and complete answer.

1. Is John more intelligent than his brothers and sisters?

2. What hemisphere does it have more land?

3. Which waters do they cover together the most of the Earth's surface?

4. Why was a country wetter than the other?

5. Mention five (05) adjectives with its comparative.

LETRA : KINGSTON TOWN
UB40

The night seems to fade,

but the moonlight lingers on

there are wonders for everyone

the stars shine so bright,

but they`re fading after dawn

there is magic in Kingston town

(Chorus)

Oh Kingston town,

the place I long to be

if I had the whole world

I would give it away

just to see, the girls at play

Ooh, ooh, ooh

And when I am king,

surely I would need a queen

and a palace and everything, yeah

and now I am king,

and my queen will come at dawn

she`ll be waiting in Kingston town

(Chorus)

Oh Kingston town,

the place I long to be

if I had the whole world

I would give it away

just to see, the girls at play

Ooh, ooh, ooh

And when I am king,

surely I would need a queen

and a palace and everything, yeah

and now I am king,

and my queen will come at dawn

she`ll be waiting in Kingston town

LETRA : KINGSTON TOWN (EN ESPAÑOL)
UB40

La noche se va marchitando,

Pero el claro de luna perdura

Hay maravillas para todos

Las estrellas brillan luminosas,

Pero se están marchitando después del amanecer

Hay magia en la ciudad de Kingston

(Coro)

Oh Ciudad de Kingston,

El lugar en el que anhelo estar

Si tuviera el mundo entero

Lo regalaría,

Solo por ver, a las chicas jugando

Ooh, ooh, ooh

Y cuando sea rey,

Seguramente necesitaré una reina

Y un palacio y todo, sí

Y ahora soy un rey,

Y mi reina vendrá al amanecer

Ella me estará esperando en la ciudad de Kingston

(Chorus)

Oh Ciudad de Kingston,

El lugar en el que anhelo estar

Si tuviera el mundo entero

Lo regalaría,

Solo por ver, a las chicas jugando

Ooh, ooh, ooh

Y cuando sea rey,

Seguramente necesitaré una reina

Y un palacio y todo, sí

Y ahora soy un rey,

Y mi reina vendrá al amanecer

Ella me estará esperando en la ciudad de Kingston